Fl0w3r

carpe diem

State of the Art Shitcode Principles

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5.7k 10 mins.

引言

如果说到好代码，我们肯定能说出一堆规则，但对于什么是烂代码，你有比较清晰的认识吗？该项目描述了“最佳垃圾代码”的十九条关键准则，从变量命名到注释编写，这些准则将执导你写出最亮眼的烂代码。

This a list of state-of-the-art shitcode principles your project should follow to call it a proper shitcode.

这是一个你的项目应该遵循的垃圾代码书写准则的列表，把称为适当的垃圾代码。

获取勋章

If your repository follows the state-of-the-art shitcode principles you may use the following “state-of-the-art shitcode” badge:

如果你的仓库遵循垃圾代码书写准则，你应该用下面的”state-of-the-art shitcode” 徽章：

Markdown source-code for the badge:

标记徽章的源代码:

[![State-of-the-art Shitcode](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=State-of-the-art&message=Shitcode&color=7B5804)](https://github.com/trekhleb/state-of-the-art-shitcode)

准则

以一种代码已经被混淆的方式命名变量

Fewer keystrokes, more time for you.

如果我们键入的东西越少，那么就有越多的时间去思考代码逻辑等问题。

Good 👍🏻

let a = 42;

Bad 👎🏻

let age = 42;

变量/函数混合命名风格

Celebrate the difference.

为不同庆祝一下。

Good 👍🏻

let wWidth = 640;
let w_height = 480;

Bad 👎🏻

let windowWidth = 640;
let windowHeight = 480;

不要写注释

No one is going to read your code anyway.

反正没人会读你的代码。

Good 👍🏻

const cdr = 700;

Bad 👎🏻

More often comments should contain some ‘why’ and not some ‘what’. If the ‘what’ is not clear in the code, the code is probably too messy.

更多时候，评论应该包含一些“为什么”，而不是一些“是什么”。如果“什么”在代码中不清楚，那么代码可能太混乱了。

// The number of 700ms has been calculated empirically based on UX A/B test results.
// @see: <link to experiment or to related JIRA task or to something that explains number 700 in details>
const callbackDebounceRate = 700;

使用母语写注释

If you violated the “No comments” principle then at least try to write comments in a language that is different from the language you use to write the code. If your native language is English you may violate this principle.

如果您违反了“无注释”原则，那么至少尝试用一种不同于您用来编写代码的语言来编写注释。如果你的母语是英语，你可能会违反这个原则。

Good 👍🏻

// Закриваємо модальне віконечко при виникненні помилки.
toggleModal(false);

Bad 👎🏻

// Hide modal window on error.
toggleModal(false);

尽可能混合不同的格式

Celebrate the difference.

为不同庆祝一下。

Good 👍🏻

let i = ['tomato', 'onion', 'mushrooms'];
let d = [ "ketchup", "mayonnaise" ];

Bad 👎🏻

let ingredients = ['tomato', 'onion', 'mushrooms'];
let dressings = ['ketchup', 'mayonnaise'];

尽可能把代码写成一行

Good 👍🏻

document.location.search.replace(/(^\?)/,'').split('&').reduce(function(o,n){n=n.split('=');o[n[0]]=n[1];return o},{})

Bad 👎🏻

document.location.search
  .replace(/(^\?)/, '')
  .split('&')
  .reduce((searchParams, keyValuePair) => {
    keyValuePair = keyValuePair.split('=');
    searchParams[keyValuePair[0]] = keyValuePair[1];
    return searchParams;
  },
  {}
)

不要处理错误

Whenever you catch an error it is not necessary for anyone to know about it. No logs, no error modals, chill.

无论何时发现错误，都没有必要让任何人知道它。没有日志，没有错误弹框。

Good 👍🏻

try {
  // Something unpredictable.
} catch (error) {
  // tss... 🤫
}

Bad 👎🏻

try {
  // Something unpredictable.
} catch (error) {
  setErrorMessage(error.message);
  // and/or
  logError(error);
}

广泛使用全局变量

Globalization principle.

全球化的原则。

Good 👍🏻

let x = 5;

function square() {
  x = x ** 2;
}

square(); // Now x is 25.

Bad 👎🏻

let x = 5;

function square(num) {
  return num ** 2;
}

x = square(x); // Now x is 25.

创建你不会使用的变量

Just in case.

以防万一。

Good 👍🏻

function sum(a, b, c) {
  const timeout = 1300;
  const result = a + b;
  return a + b;
}

Bad 👎🏻

function sum(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}

如果语言允许，不要指定类型和/或不执行类型检查。

Good 👍🏻

function sum(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}

// Having untyped fun here.
const guessWhat = sum([], {}); // -> "[object Object]"
const guessWhatAgain = sum({}, []); // -> 0

Bad 👎🏻

function sum(a: number, b: number): ?number {
  // Covering the case when we don't do transpilation and/or Flow type checks in JS.
  if (typeof a !== 'number' && typeof b !== 'number') {
    return undefined;
  }
  return a + b;
}

// This one should fail during the transpilation/compilation.
const guessWhat = sum([], {}); // -> undefined

你应该有不能到达的代码

This is your “Plan B”.

这是你的 “Plan B”.

Good 👍🏻

function square(num) {
  if (typeof num === 'undefined') {
    return undefined;
  }
  else {
    return num ** 2;
  }
  return null; // This is my "Plan B".
}

Bad 👎🏻

function square(num) {
  if (typeof num === 'undefined') {
    return undefined;
  }
  return num ** 2;
}

三角法则

Be like a bird - nest, nest, nest.

就像鸟巢，鸟巢，鸟巢。

Good 👍🏻

function someFunction() {
  if (condition1) {
    if (condition2) {
      asyncFunction(params, (result) => {
        if (result) {
          for (;;) {
            if (condition3) {
            }
          }
        }
      })
    }
  }
}

Bad 👎🏻

async function someFunction() {
  if (!condition1 || !condition2) {
    return;
  }
  
  const result = await asyncFunction(params);
  if (!result) {
    return;
  }
  
  for (;;) {
    if (condition3) {
    }
  }
}

混合缩进

Avoid indentations since they make complex code take up more space in the editor. If you’re not feeling like avoiding them then just mess with them.

避免缩进，因为它们会使复杂的代码在编辑器中占用更多的空间。如果你不喜欢回避他们，那就和他们捣乱。

Good 👍🏻

const fruits = ['apple',
  'orange', 'grape', 'pineapple'];
  const toppings = ['syrup', 'cream', 
                    'jam', 
                    'chocolate'];
const desserts = [];
fruits.forEach(fruit => {
toppings.forEach(topping => {
    desserts.push([
fruit,topping]);
    });})

Bad 👎🏻

const fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'grape', 'pineapple'];
const toppings = ['syrup', 'cream', 'jam', 'chocolate'];
const desserts = [];

fruits.forEach(fruit => {
  toppings.forEach(topping => {
    desserts.push([fruit, topping]); 
  });
})

不要锁住你的依赖项

Update your dependencies on each new installation in uncontrolled way. Why stick to the past, let’s use the cutting edge libraries versions.

以非受控方式更新每个新安装的依赖项。为什么坚持使用过去的版本，让我们使用最先进的库版本。

Good 👍🏻

$ ls -la

package.json

Bad 👎🏻

$ ls -la

package.json
package-lock.json

永远将你的布尔值设置为 flag

Leave the space for your colleagues to think what the boolean value means.

Good 👍🏻

let flag = true;

Bad 👎🏻

let isDone = false;
let isEmpty = false;

函数长的比短的好

Don’t divide a program logic into readable pieces. What if your IDE’s search breaks and you will not be able to find the necessary file or function?

  • 10000 lines of code in one file is OK.
  • 1000 lines of a function body is OK.
  • Dealing with many services (3rd party and internal, also, there are some helpers, database hand-written ORM and jQuery slider) in one service.js? It’s OK.

不要把程序逻辑分成可读的部分。如果IDE的搜索停止，而您无法找到所需的文件或函数，该怎么办?

  • 一个文件中10000行代码是OK的。
  • 一个函数体有1000行代码是OK的。
  • 在一个’ service.js ‘ 中处理许多服务(第三方库和内部库、一些工具、手写的数据库ORM和jQuery滑块)? 这是OK的。

不要测试你的代码

This is a duplicate and unnecessary amount of work.

这是重复且不需要的工作。

避免代码风格统一

Write code as you want, especially if there is more than one developer in a team. This is a “freedom” principle.

编写您想要的代码，特别是在一个团队中有多个开发人员的情况下。这是“自由”原则。

构建新项目不需要 README 文档

And keep it that way for the time being.

一开始我们就应该保持。

保存不必要的代码

Don’t delete the code your app doesn’t use. At most, comment it.

不要删除不用的代码，最多注释掉。